Pom zoo rau kev nqus tau cov molecules tshwj xeeb hauv cov kua thiab cov pa roj, thiab rau kev tshem tawm cov semi-colloidal turbidity me me heev.
● Tus nqi ntws nruab nrab
● Muaj peev xwm nqus tau zoo
● Yam tsawg kawg yog 50% cov pa roj carbon uas tau ua kom muaj zog

●Kev piav qhia txog cov kua rho tawm ntawm cov av uas raug tshem tawm, ntawm cov kua mis, ntawm cov kua hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cov kua uas muaj suab thaj ua ntej kev ntsuas polarimetry thiab refractometry
●Kev ntxuav cua kom nqus tau iodine 131
● Kev lim cov kua electroplating
| Qib | Cov Khoom | Kev lim dej Herzberg (s) | Qhov hnyav (g/m²) | Tuab (hli) |
| 900 | nruab nrab | 360 | 170 | 0.38 |